RUSSIAN FEDERATION

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Until 2016, it was difficult to prosecute citizens in Russia who involved friends and acquaintances in financial pyramids if they did not hide the true nature of such “investments”. However, in 2016, an article came into force according to which propaganda or advertising of financial pyramids is punishable, even if the true nature of the enterprise is not hidden.

Public dissemination of information, solicitation to participate in financial pyramids, entails administrative liability in the form of a fine (from 5 to 50 thousand rubles for citizens; from 20 to 100 thousand rubles for officials; from 500 thousand to 1 million rubles for legal entities). Organizers, for attracting funds in the amount of more than 1.5 million rubles, are subject to a fine of up to 1 million rubles or forced labor for up to four years, or imprisonment for the same term. For an especially large bc data amount (more than six million rubles) of attracted funds, pyramid organizers face fines of up to 1.5 million rubles, forced labor for up to five years, or imprisonment for up to six years.

In Russia, financial pyramids are associated with the name of Sergei Mavrodi, who founded the MMM cooperative in the late 90s, with 10 to 15 million people as investors. He then organized the investment pyramid MMM-2011 and MMM-2012, and until the end of his days did the same in Asia and Africa.
CANADA


Canada has adopted the Competition Act, which is aimed at combating financial pyramids. In case of failure to comply with the requirements of this law, participants in such a structure will be charged with fraud, fined up to 200 thousand Canadian dollars or imprisoned for one year, and if there are signs of a financial pyramid, the prison term can be increased to five years.

GERMANY

In Germany, the organizers of investment pyramids are subject to life imprisonment. The law prohibits “recruiting” participants into structures where income comes from contributions from other participants and provides for a penalty in the form of imprisonment for up to two years or a fine. In addition, punishment is provided for simply attempting to create such a structure.